Correct Answer: Option 3 – High porosity

Porosity refers to the percentage of pore volume or void space

Incorrect Options

Permeability is the measure of ability of a material to transmit fluids

Infiltration is an important process where rain water soaks into the ground, through the soil and underlying rock layers. Some of this water ultimately returns to the surface at springs or in low spots downhill. Some of the water remains underground and is called groundwater.  As the water infiltrates through the soil and rock layers, many of the impurities in the water are filtered out. This filtering process helps clean the water

Correct Answer: Option 2

Cobbles are stones that are slightly greater than the size of sand. They are usually used for making pavements

Incorrect Options

Boulders are rocks of different sizes. Usually smaller size boulders are referred to as stones (256 mm in size usually)

Pebbles are smaller stone like objects usually between 4 mm and 60 mm in size

Correct Answer: Option 2

The slope of the river is directly proportional to the size of the particle or sediment that it can transmit. Steeper the slope, larger will be the size of the particle transported by that river. Hence, the graph in option 2 representing increasing slope with increasing particle size is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – uplift à erosion à flooding à deposition

An unconformity is a buried erosion surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger.

Tectonic uplift is a geological process most often caused by plate tectonics which increases elevation. Orogenic uplift is the result of tectonic plate collisions and results in mountain ranges or a more modest uplift over large region.Isostatic uplift includes the gradual uplift following rapid erosional removal of material from a mountain range.

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Continental Glaciers

Correct Answer: Option 3 – C = point bar

Erosion is greater on the outside of the bend where velocity is greatest. Deposition of sediment occurs on the inner edge because the river, moving slowly, cannot carry its sediment load, creating a slip-off slope called a point bar. The faster moving current on the outside bend has more erosive ability and the meander tends to grow in the direction of the outside bend, forming a small cliff called a cut bank. This can be seen in areas where willows grow on the banks of rivers; on the inside of meanders, willows are often far from the bank, whilst on the outside of the bend, the roots of the willows are often exposed and undercut, eventually leading the trees to fall into the river.

Correct Answer: Option 4 – mass movement

Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. The detachment and movement of earth materials occurs if the stress imposed is greater than the strength of the material to hold it in place.

Incorrect Options

Running water is caused by the motion of water molecules in the direction of force or slope

Moving ice refers to movement of ice or iceberg which can be caused by drift

Prevailing wind refers to direction of wind blowing

Correct Answer: Evaporation

Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from its liquid form to its vapor form and thus transferred to the atmosphere.

Correct Answer: Transpiration

Correct Answers: Precipitation

Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that is deposited on a surface..