(11) Correct answer: Option number (4)

The phases of the moon at any time are determined by the fraction of the moon’s sunlit hemisphere which one can see from the earth. Depending on the angle between the sun and moon, it gives different phases like full, crescent and dark moon.

As the sun – moon angle increases (like at the position 1) we see more of the sunlit (bright) part of the moon.

Correct Answer: Option (3) –Alpha Centauri

Alpha Centauri –Alpha Centauri is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurs. It is the closest star system to the Solar System. It is being slightly larger and more luminous than our Sun. It has 1.519 Luminosity in Solar Units. Temperature is 5260-5790K.

Sun-Sun has the 1.0 Luminosity in Solar Units. Temperature is 5778 K.

Rigel - is a Blue super giant, shining with approximately 40,000 times the luminosity of the Sun.Temperature - 11,000 K.

Barnard’s Star - is a very low-mass red dwarf star approximately 6 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ophiuchus (the Snake-holder). Luminosity 0.0035 in solar units and temperature is 3,134+_ 102 K.

Aldebaran -is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Luminosity 0.00014 in solar units and Temperature is 3050-4100 K.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Pluto, Earth’s Moon, Mercury, Mars

Equatorial diameter of Earth’s Moon-3476 km

Equatorial diameter of Pluto- 2390 km

Equatorial diameter of Mars- 6792 km

Equatorial diameter of Mercury- 4879 km

When considering the increasing of the equatorial diameter,

Pluto < Earth’s Moon < Mercury < Mars

Based on these arguments, the rest of the options are incorrect