Correct Answer: Option 1 – 1.4%

The time scale is depicted in its traditional form with oldest at the bottom and youngest at the top - the present day is at the zero mark. (See figure below).

The age of the earth is four thousand, six hundred million years old (4,600 million = 4.6 billion), Cenozoic era represent the 65 million years through today. It is approximately 1.41% of the estimated age of the earth

Correct Answer: Option (3) – 5000^o C

The earth is divided into four main layers namely inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The outer skin of the earth is known as earth is known as the crust. It is 30-40 km thick below the continents and even thicker beneath mountain regions. But only about 10 km below the oceans.

Below the crust is the mantle, a denser, solid zone in which earthquake waves travel with. Mantle itself is divided an inner mantle and upper mantle.

Inner Mantle: the inner mantle can be found between 190 miles (300 km) and 1,800 miles (2,890 km) below the earth’s surface. The average temperature is 5400 ºF (3000ºC)

The outer mantle is a lot thinner than the inner mantle. It can be found between 7 miles (10 km) and 190 miles (300 km) below the surface of the earth. You can divide the outer mantle into two different layers. The bottom layer is tough liquid rock and probably consists of silicates of iron and magnesium. The temperature in this part is between 2520 ºF (1400ºC) and 5400 º F (3000ºC)

The base of the mantle is at about 2900 km, below which is core. The outer core extending from 2900 km to 5150 km is liquid. The inner core, from 5150 km to the centre of the earth at 6371 km, is solid. The temperature in the outer core is about 7200 - 9032 ºF (4000-5000ºC). The temperature in the inner core is about 9032 - 10832 ºF (5000-6000 ºC).

The core-mantle boundary (or CMB in the parlance of solid earth geophysicists) lies between the Earth's silicate mantle and its liquid iron-nickel outer core. This boundary is located at approximately 2900 km of depth beneath the Earth's surface. The temperature of the core-mantle boundary is between 4000-5000ºC

Correct answer: option (2) granite

Andesite -
A fine grained intermediate volcanic igneous rock characterized by the presence of oligoclase or andesine.

Gabbro –
A coarse grained basic igneous rock consisting of basic plagioclase, a pyroxene and olivine in substantial amounts. Hornblend, biotite and quartz may occur in accessory amounts, and magnetite and ilmenite are common accessories.

Granite -
Consist of essentially Quarts, alkali feldspar and mica (biotite and muscovite) and amphiboles. Accessory minerals present are apatite, zircon and magnetite.

Basalt- Is a fine grained dark colour volcanic rock composed mainly Calc plagioclase and pyroxene (usually augite) with or without olivine. Magnetite is important accessory.

Therefore the rock is granite. Because, it has main minerals of K-feldspar, quartz and amphibole.