Correct Answer: Option 2 – Location A is cooler and wetter than location B

B is in the direction downwind from the point of reference side of the mountain where drier air sinks compresses and warms up creating desert-like regions.

Hence, options 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 3

In the southern hemisphere the average monthly temperatures slowly start decreasing from January and reach the lowest in the month of July. Later they start rising. Hence, graph in option 3 is the correct representation of the average monthly temperatures in the southern hemisphere. Hence, the options 1, 2 and 4 are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Prevailing southwesterlies

The planetary atmospheric circulation brings a great variety of air masses to New York State. Masses of cold, dry air frequently arrive from the northern interior of the continent. Prevailing winds from the south and southwest transport warm, humid air, which has been conditioned by the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent subtropical waters. These two air masses provide the dominant continental characteristics of the climate. The third great air mass flows inland from the North Atlantic Ocean and produces cool, cloudy, and damp weather conditions. This maritime influence is important to New York's climatic regime, especially in the southeastern portion of the state, but it is secondary to that of the more prevalent air mass flow from the continent.

Nearly all storm and frontal systems moving eastward across the continent pass through or in close proximity to New York State. Storm systems often move northward along the Atlantic coast and have an important influence on the weather and climate of Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley. Frequently, areas deep in the interior of the state feel the effects of such coastal storms.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Warm and wet

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics near the Earth's equator. They converge where the climate is warm and wet.