Correct Answer: Option 3 – many organisms that lived on earth have become extinct

Fossil evidences when compared to the species of existing organisms show that the organisms which lived earlier have become extinct now.

Correct Answer: Option 1 - Aneurophyton

Aneurophyton are genus of extinct plants that lived during the Middle and Late Devonian epochs (about 398 to 359 million years ago) and is commonly considered a basal member of the progymnosperms—the probable ancestors of seed plants. Other branches were specialized for photosynthesis, but tissue had not yet filled in the spaces between branches to form a true leaf. This structural design likely gave rise to ferns, horsetail relatives, and seed plants—the major plant lineages of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago)

Incorrect Answers

Cystiphyllum and Centroceras are fossils of corals which are a part of the sea or ocean environment.

Bothriolepis is the fossil of organisms which are a part of the fresh water environment.

Correct Answer: Option 1 - Cambrian

During the Cambrin time Australia is supposed to be located close to the equator as per the diagram. Hence, during this time it has most likely had a warm tropical climate.

During the Casboniferous, Late Permian and Eocene time period it has moved away from the equator, which would result in colder climatic conditions.

Correct Answer: Cambrian period

The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Phanerozoic eon, lasting from 542 ± 0.3 million years ago to 488.3 ± 1.7 million years ago

In the Cambrian period life forms in water prospered. And the section C has the fossil of an organism living in ocean waters.

Correct Answer: Processes that could have produced the unconformity in outcrop I are:

• Erosion
• Deposition
• Weathering

Correct Answer: Some characteristics a fossil must have to be considered a good index fossil are:

• Existence should be short in a given geological time
• Should be distributed widely or have a wider geographic distribution

Correct Answer: Carbon-14 cannot be used to find the geologic age of these index fossils because the fossils are too old and the half life for carbon-14 is too short