Correct Answer: Option 3

The above structure is referred to as syncline. In structural geology, a syncline is a downward-curving fold, with layers that dip toward the center of the structure. A synclinorium is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds.

The drainage pattern formed by syncline is referred to as Trellis Drainage pattern. Trellis drainage patterns look similar to their namesake, the common garden trellis. Trellis drainage develops in folded topography like that found in the Appalachian Mountains of North America. Short tributary streams enter the main channel at sharp angles as they run down sides of parallel ridges called anticlines. Tributaries join the main stream at nearly right angles

Correct Answer: Option 4

At the outside of a bend in a channel meander, the flow is concentrated and so erosion causes undercutting, and a cutbank forms. On the inside of the meander, flow decreases, so deposition occurs; a sand bar, or point bar, forms. Meandering streams develop at the low-gradient, downstream ends of stream profiles. Because they cannot erode below base level, streams near base level maintain their profile by moving horizontally across the stream valley, eroding and depositing sediment with little effect on the overall sediment flux. Meandering streams develop an organized pattern of fluvial landforms and deposits: coarse-grained point bars, gravel channel lags, sandy natural levees, abandoned meanders called oxbow lakes, and fine-grained flood deposits.

Correct Answer: Option 2

Stream flow, or discharge, is the volume of water flowing past a fixed point in a fixed unit of time. For water flow in streams, the U.S. Geological Survey expresses the value in cubic feet per second (ft³/s).

Rating curve shows that there is a relation between stream stage and stream flow. The stage-stream flow relation is used to relate water level to an associated stream flow. The rating curve for a specific stream location is developed by making successive steam flow measurements at many different stream stages to define and maintain a stage-stream flow relation. These steam flow measurements and their corresponding stages are then plotted on a graph. Continuous stream flow throughout the year can be determined from the rating curve and the record of river stage.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Mass movement

Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. The detachment and movement of earth materials occurs if the stress imposed is greater than the strength of the material to hold it in place

Incorrect Options

Chemical weathering: Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, and forming smaller and smaller pieces. Chemical weathering is much more common in locations where there is a lot of water. This is because water is important to many of the chemical reactions that can take place. Warmer temperatures are also friendlier to chemical weathering. The most common types of chemical weathering are oxidation, hydrolysis and carbonation.

Abrasion is mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport in wind, glacier, waves, gravity or running water, after friction, the moving particles dislodge loose and weak debris from the side of the rock; these particles can be dissolved in the water source.

The intensity of abrasion depends on the hardness, concentration, velocity and mass of moving particles.

Correct Answer: Option 4- D

Maximum deposition of particles would occur at point D since, it is the lowest point along the slope and after this point the flow of the stream reduces since, it reaches the lake hence, reducing the motion of particles and helping the flowing particles in the stream to settle on the lake side.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – cobbles and some pebbles only

Cobbles are stones that are slightly greater than the size of sand. They are usually used for making pavements

Pebbles are smaller stone like objects usually between 4 mm and 60 mm in size

Since, sand, silt and clay are particles smaller than cobbles and pebbles; they will only settle if the velocity of water reduces by another 100 cm.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer and options 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect.

According to the graph for City D, the maximum temperature is 0 degrees. This represents a frozen surface leading to very little water infiltration.

The graph for City D does not provide information about the type of surface or soil, hence, options 2, 3 and 4 are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 3 - Ice

A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions, such as those areas acted upon by a past ice age. Hence, ice is the erosion agent causing the moraines in the map above.

Hence, the other options are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – EF

The cross section shows equal amounts of Harbor Hill Moraine and Ronkonkoma Moraine which is only possible at the section EF in the map above. The other sections – AB, CD and GH, provide unequal sections of Harbor Hill Moraine and Ronkonkoma Moraine. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Hence, the other options are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – sorted

Moraines are glacial deposits of till (sediment) that are classified by their position relative to the glacial ice sheet. Moraines are classified as terminal moraines, lateral moraines, medial moraines, or ground moraines.

Moraines are formed of the sedimentary materials of varying sizes. Accordingly, they are poorly sorted and are essentially the sedimentary "dump" of material broken, dislodged, smashed, ground, and then deposited during the movement of glaciers

Outwash plains are large areas of well-sorted glacio fluvial sand deposited beyond the end of a glacier by numerous converging streams of meltwater.